Classification of insulation material

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Insulator 

The main purpose of an insulator is to control the unwanted flow of electricity from the powered conductor or conducting components. Electrical insulation plays an important role in every electrical application.

Electrical insulating materials are introduced as substances that present a high resistance to the flow of electricity, and for that aspect, they are employed to keep current in its suitable path within the conductor.

Let's discuss insulating materials, the property of insulating material and different types of insulating materials.
What are the different types of insulator materials?

Classification of insulator material. 

It is possible to classify insulation materials according to their substances and their temperature.

A large number of materials and substances can be defined as insulators, many of which have to be used in practice, as no single material or substance can meet all the requirements contained in the numerous and different applications of insulators in electrical engineering. Such requirements need consideration of reliability, physical properties, availability, cost, adaptability to machining functions, etc.

1- In terms of their substance state insulation material are classified as Solid, Liquid and Gas.

Solids (Organic and Inorganic)

Wood, Mica, glass, slate, rubber, porcelain, cotton, rayon, terylene, silk, paper, cellulose materials, etc.

Liquids (Varnishes and Oils)

Linseed oil, spirit, and synthetic varnishes, refined hydrocarbon mineral oils, etc.

Gases

Carbon dioxide, dry air, nitrogen, argon, etc.

2- According to their temperatures: Class Y, Class A, Class B, Class F, Class H and Class C.


Important properties about types of insulator materials

1- Resistivity or specific resistance is the feature of a material that determines how strongly the material opposes the flowing of electric current. The resistivity of an appropriate insulator is very large.

2- The dielectric strength of a substance is the capability to tolerate electric stresses without cutting off. Dielectric strength is commonly measured in kilovolts per millimeter (kV/mm).

3-Relative permittivity or dielectric coefficient is the ratio of the electric flux density generated in the system to that generated in a vacuum.

4-The electrical dissipation coefficient (dielectric loss) is the ratio of the energy wasted in the material to the total energy transmitted across it. It is presented by the tangent of the loss angle and, hence, also introduced as tan delta.



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