Sankalp Industrial Services

A transformer is a device which helps with the transmission of electrical power, it is a static device without any rotating part and is totally enclosed. So the transformer plays a major role in the electrical distribution so the protection of transformers is an important process. The transformer must be protected from faults in order to do effective power distribution. What are the types of transformer faults 1-Over heating Over-heating is caused due to sustained overloads, short circuits and in case of failure of the cooling system, Overexcitation if a transformer is operated at its maximum potential like high frequency or in high voltage the core will get excited. Protection - Resistance temperature indicator can be used near the winding, Thermal overload and temperature relays can be used. Bridge circuits can be used when the bridge is unbalanced more than the permissible duration circuit breaker trips. 2-Winding faults The winding faults are internal faults, over-heating or mechan...

Overhead power line is an important part of power system.  The cost and life of transmission line primarily depend on the material used for making conductor for transmission line. The most important and much suitable material for conductor of transmission line is copper as it having high conductivity and high tensile strength, More ever it is having good ductility. Only Limitation is its cost. With the discovery of practical mass production methods for aluminum processing, the price of aluminum quickly fell, making it a more affordable choice for manufacturers and designers. It takes an aluminum wire with a diameter 1.5 times that of copper to transmit the same amount of electricity, but that wire will be three times lighter, meaning that aluminum is a more efficient material for electrical applications. High voltage overhead power lines are manufactured from aluminum to reduce weight while supplying good conductivity. Aluminum is having sufficient conductivity. More ever it is lig...

If your electricity bill is unpredictable from month to month or it’s consistently higher than you would like, vampire power may be the culprit. What is Vampire Energy? Vampire power also called phantom power or standby mode, in which appliances consume energy even when they are shut off, can account for up to 20% of your monthly electricity bill. While sitting unused and idle, your TV or toaster oven is sucking money right out of your pocketbook. Why Do Devices Leak Energy? Essentially, every cord that remains plugged into an outlet is still using an electric current. While many devices have sleep or standby modes, they continuously use energy to perform updates, connect to remote servers, and record data. The connectivity of modern technology is one reason why devices leak energy. Even when the TV is off, for example, it’s still ready to receive a signal from the remote to power on at any time. Your DVR is always “lying in wait” until it’s time to record the next show or running behi...

Reasons for using Stones in Electrical Switchyard & Transformer Yard: Stones in the substation is provided to reduce the step potential and touch potential when operators work on switch yard. Step and touch potential occurs due to the short circuit current flows on the conductor. All the substation is provided with the good grounding system or low resistance path to the fault current. Therefore to provide the high resistance for foot and ground, the stones are provided. Stones eliminate the growth of small weeds and plants inside the switchyard or transformer yard. It protects the moisture content evaporation and keeps the ground wet. Most in switchyard Power Transformers insulated with the insulation oil. The insulating oil spillages catches fire easily. So Stones/Gravel is provided to protect from fire when oil spillage takes place. Moisture on the floor level get minimised. Compensate the vibration in transformer which has been caused due to magnetostriction in core Improves yar...

When it comes to power regulation, transformers are everything. Step-up and step-down transformers can boost or lower voltages to apply whatever level of power is necessary for a given application. Transformer noise can be a significant problem. Even small amounts can gum up the works and prevent power transformers from working the way they were designed. It is very important to know exactly what transformer noise is, why it causing it and how to prevent it. What Causes the Humming Noise in an Electrical Transformer? There are actually multiple causes of transformer noise. The main one is the Magnetostriction Effect. This is when the current that flows through the transformer’s coils creates a magnetic field. The magnetic field then changes the dimensions of the transformer’s iron core. The core expands and contracts with the alternating current, which causes a humming sound. As the transformer ages, the layers within the core of the transformer begin to break apart and separate from o...

What is Net metering and Gross metering? The electricity bills you receive at the home, office, or other buildings, are tracked by an electricity meter to make the acquaintance of the units of electricity you consumed. Generally, for our daily usage, we use the electricity from the power grid and from there, we’ll get the power consumed charge. But, if you have the capacity to produce electricity at your premises itself, then the mechanism of the power grid changes. Solar roof-mounted PVs has become a standard system for generating a secondary source of power for users. As electricity storage is expensive, these systems are often connected to the grid to export surplus electricity to the grid, and deficits can be imported from the grid. With the help of advanced technologies, governments, when designing the regulations for solar rooftop systems, introduced two arrangements –: Net metering Gross metering How does Net Metering work? The Net Metering policy was introduced in India, aroun...

Transformer Oil Transformer oil is a very important for the functional transformers and are the dielectric substance that helps in maintaining their temperature. Transformer oils are vital for the proper running and functioning of the transformers. It is one of the main asset in the electrical power industry which needs to be maintained for guaranteed uninterrupted power transmission in order to get assured revenue benefits. Transformer oil filtration: Transformers require filtered and dried oil. During its usage, the insulating oil absorbs moisture and gets polluted by sopping fibers, dirty particles, aging products, and soot. Even unused oil is not clean enough as it may have absorbed moisture from the air or may have got polluted in the barrel it was stored in. The efficiency of the oil as an insulating material is highly reduced as the moisture level increases. Hence, transformer oil filtering is an important process which eliminates solid particles, dissolved gasses, and dissolved...

APFC or Automatic Power Factor Control Panels are used for sustainment of Power Factor as per State Electricity Board. If this power factor is not maintained then consumer need to pay penalty for it which comes along with electricity bill. Power Factor is defined as ratio of active power to apparent power and it is mainly a key factor in measuring electrical consumption.  Everyone knows that how costly electricity is computed now-a-days. Therefore it becomes very much important to reduce on electrical consumption for reducing expenditure and economizing the utility expenses by harnessing electrical utility by operation at desired power factor to reduce unwanted electricity penalty rising because of continuous power factor drop.  What actually APFC panel do? APFC panel has micro controller which stage wise detects the power factor value, if the power factor goes below 0.9 (lagging) it automatically connects capacitor banks to improve it. Capacitor  banks are designed as ...

The electrical insulator  is a device that provides the required insulation between the line conductor and earth. Due to this insulation, leakage current can’t flow from the line conductor to earth. Insulator a material or a device which restrics the flow of free electrons (or charge).  The successful operation of an overhead line depends to a considerable extent upon the proper selection of insulation.  Importance of Electrical Insulators- The insulator work as a Protector or Protective device. Because it provides high resistance. Insulator helps to protect from heat, noise, and electricity. The insulator is used to support the overhead conductor. It is commonly used to insulate the live parts of equipment or conductor from the earth. The live conductor is protected by wrapping the insulation. It helps to protect switchgear, transformers. Properties of Electrical Insulator- The electrical insulator has a high resistivity. Insulator has good mechanical strength for the c...

Transformers are an expensive and important part of any machinery. So for getting optimal performance and increased product life, it is best to conduct regular maintenance checkups on your transformer. There are basically two types of transformer maintenance. One is done on a regular basis and the other is done at the time of urgency.  If maintenance checkups are done on a routine basis then you may not have to undergo breakdown maintenance and hence save downtime. There are a lot of different types of maintenance checks to be conducted on a power transformer. Here are some of the main transformer maintenance actions that have to be performed: Transformer Maintenance Checks on a Monthly Basis: Oil level in the oil cap must be checked on a monthly basis so that it doesn’t drop below a fixed limit and hence avoid damage due to it. Keep the breathing holes in the silica gel breather clean to ensure proper breathing action at all times. If your electrical transformer has oil filling bu...

Electrical Power distribution  is an essential part of the electrical power system. Distribution system is Electrical System between substation fed by transmission system and the consumer end.  According to nature of current Distribution System is classified in to AC Distribution System DC Distribution System  Electrical energy is generated, transmitted and distributed in the form of alternating current. One important reason for the widespread use of alternating current in preference to direct current is the fact that alternating voltage can be conveniently changed in magnitude by means of a transformer. For certain application DC supply is absolutely necessary. DC supply is necessary where variable speed machinery are used, for electro chemical work also in congested area where storage battery reserves is necessary .  This Single line diagram shows general layout of Distribution System. Distribution system employs Feeders, Distributor and Service mains. Feeder - It...