Why Aluminium prefered in transmission line than Copper?

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Overhead power line is an important part of power system. 
The cost and life of transmission line primarily depend on the material used for making conductor for transmission line. The most important and much suitable material for conductor of transmission line is copper as it having high conductivity and high tensile strength, More ever it is having good ductility. Only Limitation is its cost.

With the discovery of practical mass production methods for aluminum processing, the price of aluminum quickly fell, making it a more affordable choice for manufacturers and designers. It takes an aluminum wire with a diameter 1.5 times that of copper to transmit the same amount of electricity, but that wire will be three times lighter, meaning that aluminum is a more efficient material for electrical applications. High voltage overhead power lines are manufactured from aluminum to reduce weight while supplying good conductivity.

Aluminum is having sufficient conductivity. More ever it is light in weight.Which results in low conductor weight and less sag. The only limitation is its low tensile strength. 

To overcome this limitation steel core is used for increasing the tensile strength of aluminum conductor such as in ACSR (Aluminum conductor steel reinforced) conductor.

ACSR conductor is very much popular for high voltage overhead transmission lines.
The choice of suitable material for Transmission line depends upon–
  • Required electrical properties
  • Required mechanical strength
  • Local conditions
  • Cost of material
Required Properties in Materials Used for Conductor in Transmission Line
  • High conductivity
  • High tensile strength
  • Light weight
  • High resistance to corrosion in whether conditions
  • High thermal stability
  • Low coefficient of thermal expansion
  • Low cost


Dipashri Patil 

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