Harmonics in Power Systems

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Without efficient power-based equipment, an industry cannot run properly. Control panels are significant appliances which play an important role in it. They enable spectacular and substantial power controls for different machinery. Automatic Power Factor Control Panels are useful for various industrial and commercial applications.
Harmonic are an unwanted distorted waveform which frequency is higher than the fundamental frequency. It is an integer multiplication of fundamental frequency. Electrical equipment are rated in 50 Hz frequency.


Effects of Harmonics in Power System?

  1. The high frequency signal cause decreasing the performance of the system.
  2. It creates inefficiencies in equipment operations due to the increased need for power consumption, Overheating of electrical system and transformers.
  3. It is also cause of failures in sensitive electronic devices like PLC and CNC devices Used in Industry.
  4. The increase of overall current required creates higher installation and utility costs, and decreasing profitability.
  5. It reduces Power quality, Reduces Power factor and Low power factor directly affects on electricity bill as all DISCOM company charges Penalty for not maintaining Power Factor.

Causes of Harmonics-

Generally harmonic are produced by nonlinear electronics loads,
Non- Linear Loads- When current is not proportional to the voltage, the load is classified as non-linear. Non-linear loads are most associated with modern electronic equipment that often relies on line-operated switch mode power supplies. These loads create harmonic distortion that can have adverse effects on your equipment.

  • Electronics lighting ballasts /controls.
  • Variable Frequency Drive.
  • Battery charger.
  • Arc furnaces.
  • Electric arc welding equipment
  • Uninterrupted power supplies.
  • Solid-state industrial rectifiers.
  • Saturated Inductors /Transformers.

How to Identify harmonic problem?

  • Sever lamp flicker
  • Excessive equipment heating
  • Electrical interference
  • Transformer neutral overloading
  • Frequent tripping of circuit breaker and fuse blowing
  • Capacitor failure 

How to reduce Harmonics-

When a problem occurs, the basic options for controlling harmonics are,
Reduce the harmonic currents produced by the load.
Add filters to either siphon the harmonic currents off the system, block the currents from entering the system, or supply the harmonic currents locally.
Modify the frequency response of the system by filters, inductors, or capacitors.

APFC Panels are used to reduce harmonics.


Dipashri Patil

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