Sankalp Industrial Services

  All electrical devices are rated based on the maximum power it can consumes, generates or transfer. Transformers are rated in kVA or VA . Transformers are an energy transfer device that transfers power from the primary side to the secondary side without changing frequency. Why transformers are rated in kVA and why not it is rated in kW like heater, motor and other electrical equipments? 1- Copper loss in transformer depends on the current and the iron loss depends upon the voltage of the transformer. Total losses in a transformer depend upon volt-ampere (VA) only and not on the power factor of the load.This is the reason transformer is rated in KVA and not in KW 2- Transformers are manufactured without considering the load being connected. So any kind of electrical load can be connected it may be resistive, capacitive, inductive or combination loads. If the transformer is rated in KW, there may be confusions regarding the type of load being connected. That is why the transformer ...

The degradation of solar panels is not caused by a single phenomenon, but by several degradation factors affecting photovoltaic modules, but mainly due to the aging of the use time. Other causes of solar panel degradation include aging, light induced degradation (LID), potential induced degradation (PID) and backplane failure. 1- Aging caused by service time Aging is the main degradation factor affecting the operating life of PV modules. This degradation is due to the direct consequence of years of exposure of modules to rainfall, snowfall, extreme temperatures, hail, dust and other external factors. When photovoltaic modules are exposed to the above external factors, they will begin to decay and reduce their efficiency over time. This is due to the corrosion of the solar panel frame, the delamination of glass and backplane and the loss of the performance of photovoltaic materials, all of which lead to the degradation of photovoltaic modules by 0.5% per year on average. The solar modul...